作为收藏品的书画，多用纸绢作为材料。收藏界有句古话，“纸千年，绢八百”。实际上，如果保存得好，纸、绢质字画使用寿命更长。反之，如果保养不好，则几年时间就可能损坏。纸、绢材质，怕虫蛀、鼠啮，怕潮湿也忌太干燥。尤其是进入潮湿多雨季，书画的保存更当注意。

　　As collectibles, calligraphy and painting often use paper and silk as materials. There is an ancient saying in the collecting world, 'Paper is a thousand years old, silk is eight hundred.'. In fact, if well preserved, paper and silk calligraphy and painting have a longer lifespan. On the contrary, if not maintained properly, it may be damaged within a few years. Paper and silk materials, afraid of insect and mouse infestation, afraid of moisture and too dry. Especially during the humid and rainy season, it is important to pay attention to the preservation of calligraphy and painting.

　　一般家庭挂画时间不宜太长，因为每一幅书画都有寿命，一般挂两三个月就要拿下来晾一晾，然后收起来，寿命才会长久。即使是装框的书画，也不宜长久挂着，因为潮气照样会侵入书画。一幅字画无论镜框还是挂轴，如果被湿气侵入，多五六年，快则两三年就会起霉点，很难补救。下面介绍几种字画保养的方法。

　　Generally, it is not advisable to hang paintings for too long in households, as each painting has a lifespan. Generally, after hanging for two or three months, it needs to be taken down to dry and then put away for a longer lifespan. Even framed paintings and calligraphy should not be hung for a long time, as moisture can still enter the paintings and calligraphy. A calligraphy or painting, whether framed or hung on a scroll, if it is invaded by moisture, it can take up to five or six years, and quickly develop mold in two or three years, making it difficult to remedy. Below are several methods for maintaining calligraphy and painting.

　　防潮防虫，报纸

　　Moisture and insect proof, newspapers are the best

　　报纸本身有吸收潮气的功能，其油墨又能够防虫，一举两得。一位曾说起一段往事：“当年我们和上海博物馆合办一个明清书画展，展览办完后，上海博物馆的书画有被虫蛀的现象，当时人们还开玩笑说虫子欺负外来的书画。后来才发现包了报纸的书画都没有被虫蛀，而没有包的就有虫蛀现象。”

　　Newspapers themselves have the function of absorbing moisture, and their ink can also prevent insects, killing two birds with one stone. An expert once mentioned a past event: "Back then, we co organized a Ming and Qing calligraphy and painting exhibition with the Shanghai Museum. After the exhibition was held, there was a phenomenon of insect infestation on the paintings and calligraphy at the Shanghai Museum. At that time, people joked that insects bullied foreign paintings and calligraphy. Later, it was discovered that books and paintings that were wrapped in newspapers were not insect infested, while those that were not wrapped had insect infestation

　　不过在用报纸包裹书画的过程中，有一些细节值得注意。有条件的藏家可以将一幅幅书画摊开在柜子里，每一幅上面先盖一张宣纸再铺一张报纸，依次累加起来。没有条件的藏家可以将书画卷起来，卷的时候，怕报纸的铅粉脱色污染画面，可先用宣纸包一层画，再拿报纸包。或者找一个木棍作为轴心，木棍是经过处理不容易生虫的，这样卷起画来就不会起折痕。

　　However, there are some details worth paying attention to when wrapping calligraphy and painting with newspapers. Conditional collectors can spread out paintings and calligraphy pieces in a cabinet, covering each piece with a sheet of rice paper and then a newspaper, and accumulate them one by one. Collectors who do not have the conditions can roll up their paintings and calligraphy. When rolling, if they are afraid that the lead powder in the newspaper will discolor and pollute the picture, they can first wrap the painting with rice paper and then take the newspaper wrap. Alternatively, you can use a wooden stick as the axis, preferably one that has been treated to prevent insect infestation, so that when rolled up, the painting will not have creases.

　　对名家作品而言，藏品不起折痕尤为重要。如果画面起折痕，时间长了形成黑痕，不能恢复画面的平整，严重的可能还需要漂白，将使藏品的收藏价值大打折扣。

　　For masterpieces, it is particularly important that collections do not have creases. If there are creases on the image, black marks may form over time, which cannot restore the smoothness and perfection of the image. In severe cases, bleaching may be necessary, which will greatly reduce the collection value of the item.

　　在博物馆保管书画，还讲究使用白手套和口罩，以免在书画上留下痕迹，一般家庭藏家也可以借鉴。不带口罩可以，但不开口说话，以免唾沫弄脏作品。

　　When storing paintings and calligraphy in museums, it is also important to use white gloves and masks to avoid leaving marks on the paintings and calligraphy. Family collectors can also learn from this practice. Not wearing a mask is fine, but it's best not to speak up to avoid spitting on the artwork.

　　防潮也可用空调

　　Moisture resistance can also be achieved through air conditioning

　　一个暖湿有雾霭的雨天，某博物院一像往常一样巡看几个展厅的作品，发现有些已展出一段时间的作品，表面两侧呈现向内卷曲的现象，还有的表面起了皱褶。看湿度计，原来湿度已经到了书画保养的临界点60%，说明作品已受潮。据介绍，在展馆内对书画保持恒温恒湿有效的办法是开空调，温度不可高于22℃，也不能低于18℃，20℃合适。湿度在55%适中，不超过60%，不低于50%。

　　On a warm, humid, and misty rainy day, an expert from a museum inspected several exhibition halls as usual and found that some of the works that had been on display for some time had curled inward on both sides of the surface, while others had wrinkles on the surface. Looking at the hygrometer, it turns out that the humidity has reached the critical point of 60% for calligraphy and painting maintenance, indicating that the artwork has been dampened. It is reported that the most effective way to maintain constant temperature and humidity for calligraphy and painting in the exhibition hall is to turn on the air conditioning. The temperature should not be higher than 22 ℃ or lower than 18 ℃, and 20 ℃ is the most suitable. The humidity is most moderate at 55%, with a maximum of no more than 60% and a minimum of no less than 50%.

　　对一般藏家来说，恒温恒湿的条件不大可能具备，但可以用空调调节，在室内挂画时要注意关闭门窗，开一两次空调抽湿，每次两个小时左右

　　For ordinary collectors, it is unlikely to have the conditions of constant temperature and humidity, but air conditioning can be used to adjust it. When hanging paintings indoors, pay attention to closing doors and windows, and turn on the air conditioning once or twice a day for about two hours each time to extract moisture

　　樟木箱封存书画有诀窍

　　There are tricks to sealing calligraphy and painting in camphor boxes

　　很多藏家都会用箱子封存书画作品，这是书画收藏常见的方法。一般美术馆、博物馆有恒温恒湿的条件，通常用铁柜保管，一般家庭则建议用木箱，比如衣橱柜、斗柜等都可以，比较高档贵重的书画可以用樟木箱。如果没有樟木箱，藏家也可用一般木柜，里面放置樟脑丸也能达到防虫的目的。诀窍在于，樟脑丸要用袋子包着，然后用针扎开小孔，以散发樟脑的气味。放书画的箱子尽量往高处放，柜子顶上还可以铺些报纸。

　　Many collectors use boxes to seal their calligraphy and painting works, which is a common method for collecting calligraphy and painting. Generally, art museums and galleries have constant temperature and humidity conditions, and are usually stored in iron cabinets. For households, it is recommended to use wooden boxes, such as wardrobe cabinets and bucket cabinets. High end and valuable paintings and calligraphy can be stored in camphor wood boxes. If there is no camphor box, collectors can also use regular wooden cabinets to store camphor balls, which can also achieve insect prevention. The trick is to wrap the camphor balls in a bag and then pierce a small hole with a needle to release the scent of camphor. Try to place the boxes for calligraphy and painting as high as possible, and you can also lay some newspapers on the top of the cabinet.

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