书法美的表现,不外有“实”与“虚”两个方面。“实”的方面是有形的。它包括用笔、结构、章法等内容；“虚”的方面是无形的，包括神采、气韵、意境等内容。两方面互相依存，相互为用，共同表现出书法作品的审美价值。

The beauty of calligraphy can be expressed in two aspects: "reality" and "emptiness". The "real" aspect is tangible. It includes the use of pen, structure, composition and other contents; The aspect of "emptiness" is invisible, including look, charm, artistic conception, etc. The two aspects are interdependent and mutually useful, which together show the aesthetic value of calligraphy works.

用笔、结构和章法，都是可见的形体。用笔有迟急、起伏、曲折之分，笔锋有正侧、藏露之别，笔画形态有方有圆，还要讲求笔力与笔势；结构有奇正、疏密、违和等法理；章法有宾主、虚实、避就、气脉连贯和行列形式等表现方法。三者之间既区别又相辅相成。

The pen, structure and composition are all visible forms. The use of the brush can be divided into slow, sharp, undulating and tortuous, the front of the brush can be divided into positive side and hidden side, the shape of the brush can be square and round, and the strength and posture of the brush should also be emphasized; The structure has such legal principles as singularity, density and violation; There are many ways to express the structure, such as the object and the subject, the virtual and the real, the evasive, the coherent pulse and the form of ranks. The three are both different and complementary.

神采、气韵、意境，都是无形之物，他须要通过有形的用笔，结构与章法加以表现。神采是书法艺术的灵魂，古人评论书法，早有“神采为上，形质次之”的说法，但同时又指出“规矩既失，神则无存”。神采美只有通过形质美才能表现出来。气韵是书法艺术的生命,是形与神之间的桥梁,是表达情性的介质.书法家掌握了熟练技巧,运气达于毫端,以气行笔,点画之间气脉相通,气韵和神采才表现出来。

The appearance, charm and artistic conception are all intangible things, and they need to be expressed through tangible pen, structure and composition. Appearance is the soul of calligraphy art. The ancients commented on calligraphy, saying that "appearance is the first, shape and quality are the second", but at the same time, they also pointed out that "if the rules are lost, the spirit will not exist". The beauty of appearance can only be expressed through the beauty of form and quality. Charm is the life of calligraphy art, the bridge between form and spirit, and the medium for expressing emotion. Calligraphers have mastered skilled skills, reached the end of luck, and communicated with each other in the air strokes and stippling, so as to express the charm and charm.

意境也是书法艺术的内在美，包含意境、情调、书法品评是一个复杂的心理过程，他与书法创作取反方想向的运动。书法创作是集点画以成字。组字而成篇，从而表现出作品的神采境界；而书法品评的视觉印象常常是书作的神采、气韵、再审视它的章法，剖析它的结字，用笔、有书作的意向，而联想到生活中种种事物，作者的创作环境和思想活动，从而领会出作品的美之所在。因此，书法品评的过程，是观赏者的“美的再创造”过程。

Artistic conception is also the inner beauty of calligraphy art, including artistic conception, sentiment, and calligraphy evaluation is a complex psychological process. He and calligraphy creation are moving in the opposite direction. Calligraphy creation is a collection of dots to form characters. It is composed of characters to show the artistic state of the work; The first visual impression of the calligraphy evaluation is often the look and charm of the book, the re-examination of its composition, the analysis of its composition, the use of pen, the intention of writing, and the association of various things in life, the author's creative environment and ideological activities, so as to understand the beauty of the work. Therefore, the process of calligraphy evaluation is the process of "re-creation of beauty" of the viewer.

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