适宜的装裱方式​

Appropriate mounting method

选择装裱材料：装裱材料的质量直接关乎字画的长期保存。纸张方面，宜选用韧性强、耐久性好的宣纸，如安徽泾县所产的传统手工宣纸，其纤维细长且均匀，能有效抵御自然老化与外力撕扯。绫绢用于装裱的镶边，需质地紧密、纹理细腻，不仅能提升字画整体美观度，还能起到一定保护作用，防止边缘磨损。胶黏剂应采用天然无害的，像传统的小麦淀粉糨糊，相比化学胶水，不会对字画纸张造成腐蚀，可确保装裱牢固且。​

Choosing high-quality mounting materials: The quality of mounting materials directly affects the long-term preservation of calligraphy and painting. In terms of paper, it is advisable to choose Xuan paper with strong toughness and good durability, such as the traditional handmade Xuan paper produced in Jing County, Anhui Province. Its fibers are slender and uniform, which can effectively resist natural aging and external tearing. Silk used for framing edging should have a tight texture and delicate texture, which not only enhances the overall beauty of calligraphy and painting, but also provides some protection to prevent edge wear. Adhesives should be natural and harmless, such as traditional wheat starch paste. Compared to chemical adhesives, it will not corrode calligraphy and painting paper, ensuring firm and safe mounting. ​

装裱工艺：装裱过程需由经验丰富的师傅操作。在托裱环节，师傅需精准控制糨糊涂抹厚度与均匀度，过厚易使字画日后起皱，过薄则无法保证装裱的稳固性。镶边时，要确保绫绢与字画纸张贴合紧密，线条笔直整齐，避免出现气泡或褶皱。装裱完成后，还需进行适当的晾干处理，需放置在通风良好、温度和湿度适宜的环境中，避免阳光直射，以防字画变形或褪色。

Professional mounting process: The mounting process needs to be operated by experienced professional masters. In the mounting process, the master needs to accurately control the thickness and uniformity of the paste application. If it is too thick, the calligraphy and painting will wrinkle in the future, while if it is too thin, the stability of the mounting cannot be guaranteed. When edging, ensure that the silk is tightly attached to the calligraphy and painting paper, with straight and neat lines, and avoid bubbles or wrinkles. After the framing is completed, it needs to be properly dried and placed in a well ventilated environment with suitable temperature and humidity, avoiding direct sunlight to prevent deformation or fading of the calligraphy and painting.

创造理想存放环境​

Create an ideal storage environment

温度与湿度控制：温度和湿度是影响字画保存的关键环境因素。理想的保存温度为 18℃ - 22℃，在此温度区间内，字画纸张和颜料的物理化学性质相对稳定，能有效减缓老化速度。湿度应保持在 50% - 60% 之间，湿度过高，字画易受潮发霉，滋生霉菌会侵蚀纸张与颜料；湿度过低，纸张则会变脆，柔韧性降低，容易断裂。可通过在存放空间安装温湿度计，实时监测环境数据，并配备空调、机、加湿器等设备进行调控。例如在南方潮湿的梅雨季节，需频繁开启机，降低空气湿度；而在北方干燥的冬季，适当使用加湿器增加空气湿度，维持环境的相对稳定。​

Temperature and humidity control: Temperature and humidity are key environmental factors that affect the preservation of calligraphy and painting. The ideal storage temperature is between 18 ℃ and 22 ℃. Within this temperature range, the physical and chemical properties of calligraphy and painting paper and pigments are relatively stable, which can effectively slow down the aging rate. The humidity should be maintained between 50% and 60%. If the humidity is too high, calligraphy and painting are prone to moisture and mold, which can breed and corrode paper and paint; If the humidity is too low, the paper will become brittle, the flexibility will decrease, and it is easy to break. By installing a temperature and humidity meter in the storage space, real-time monitoring of environmental data can be achieved, and equipment such as air conditioning, dehumidifiers, humidifiers, etc. can be equipped for regulation. For example, during the humid rainy season in the south, it is necessary to frequently turn on the dehumidifier to reduce air humidity; In the dry winter of the north, it is advisable to use humidifiers appropriately to increase air humidity and maintain a relatively stable environment. ​

光照防护：光照中的紫外线和红外线对字画危害极大，会导致颜料褪色、纸张泛黄变脆。因此，字画应避免直接暴露在阳光或强光下。存放空间的窗户宜安装防紫外线玻璃，减少阳光中紫外线的穿透。室内照明可选用无紫外线的 LED 灯，并控制照明时间，避免长时间照射。对于珍贵字画，可采用特殊的避光包装材料，如含有防紫外线添加剂的密封塑料袋或专用画盒，进一步降低光照影响。​

Light protection: Ultraviolet and infrared rays in light are extremely harmful to calligraphy and painting, causing pigments to fade, paper to turn yellow and brittle. Therefore, calligraphy and painting should avoid direct exposure to sunlight or strong light. The windows of the storage space should be equipped with UV resistant glass to reduce the penetration of ultraviolet rays in sunlight. Indoor lighting can use UV free LED lights and control the lighting time to avoid prolonged exposure. For precious calligraphy and paintings, special light resistant packaging materials can be used, such as sealed plastic bags or specialized painting boxes containing UV resistant additives, to further reduce the impact of light. ​

防尘与防虫：灰尘颗粒可能携带微生物和化学物质，落在字画上会磨损画面，且微生物在适宜条件下可能繁殖，损害字画。应将字画存放在密封性良好的画框或画盒中，定期对存放空间进行清洁，使用干净柔软的湿布擦拭地面、桌面等，减少灰尘扬起。防虫方面，可在存放字画的橱柜中放置天然樟脑丸、花椒等驱虫物品，它们散发的气味能有效驱赶蠹虫、衣鱼等常见害虫。但要注意避免驱虫物品直接接触字画，可使用纱布包裹后放置在角落。

Dust and insect prevention: Dust particles may carry microorganisms and chemicals, which can cause wear and tear on calligraphy and painting. Microorganisms may also multiply under suitable conditions, damaging calligraphy and painting. Calligraphy and painting should be stored in well sealed frames or boxes, and the storage space should be cleaned regularly. Use a clean, soft, damp cloth to wipe the floor, tabletop, etc. to reduce dust accumulation. In terms of insect prevention, natural mothballs, Sichuan peppercorns, and other insect repellent items can be placed in cabinets storing calligraphy and painting. The scent they emit can effectively drive away common pests such as moths and clothing fish. But be careful to avoid direct contact between insect repellent items and calligraphy or painting. You can wrap them in gauze and place them in a corner.

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