Ink may give a somewhat singular impression, but it is an essential item in ancient writing. With the help of this material, the fantastic and wonderful artistic conception of Chinese calligraphy and painting can be realized. The world of ink is not dull, but rich in content. As a consumable, ink that can be presented intact as before should be very precious.

在人工制墨发明之前，一般利用天然墨或半天然墨来做为书写材料。墨的发明大约要晚于笔。史前的彩陶纹饰、商周的甲骨文、竹木简牍、缣帛书画等到处留下了原始用墨的遗痕。文献记载，古代的墨刑（黥面）、墨绳（木工所用）、墨龟（占卜）也均曾用墨。经过这段漫长的历程，汉代，终于开始出现了人工墨品。

Before the invention of artificial ink making, natural ink or semi natural ink was generally used as writing materials. The invention of ink was probably later than that of the pen. The prehistoric decorative patterns of painted pottery, oracle bone inscriptions from the Shang and Zhou dynasties, bamboo and wooden slips, and silk calligraphy and paintings have left traces of primitive ink use. According to literature records, ancient Chinese ink punishment (tsingmian), ink rope (used in carpentry), and ink turtle (divination) were also used in ink. After this long journey, until the Han Dynasty, artificial ink products finally began to appear.

从制成烟料到完成出品，其中还要经过入胶、和剂、蒸杵等多道工序，并有一个模压成形的过程。墨模的雕刻就是一项重要的工序，也是一个艺术性的创造过程。 墨之造型大致有方、长方、圆、椭圆、不规则形等。墨模一般是由正、背、上、下、左、右六块组成，圆形或偶像形墨模则只需四板或二板合成。内置墨剂，合紧锤砸成品。款识大多刻于侧面，以便于重复使用墨模时，容易更换。墨的外表形式多样，可分本色墨、漆衣墨、漱金墨、漆边墨。

From making cigarette materials to completing the production, there are multiple processes such as glue injection, mixing, and steaming, as well as a molding process. The carving of ink molds is an important process and an artistic creative process. The shapes of ink are generally square, rectangular, round, elliptical, irregular, and so on. Ink molds are generally composed of six parts: front, back, top, bottom, left, and right, while circular or idol shaped ink molds only need to be composed of four or two plates. Built-in ink agent, tightly hammer the finished product. The style is mostly engraved on the side for easy replacement when reusing ink molds. There are various forms of ink on the surface, which can be divided into natural color ink, lacquer clothing ink, gold wash ink, and lacquer edge ink.

画的用墨也是很讲究的。墨分“油烟”和“松烟”两种，油烟墨用桐油或添烧烟加工制成；松烟墨用松枝烧烟加工制成。油烟墨的特点是色泽黑亮，有光泽：松墨的特点是色乌，无光泽。画一般多用油烟，只有着色的画偶然用松烟。但在表现某些无光泽物如墨蝴蝶，黑丝绒等，也好用松烟。

The use of ink in Chinese painting is also very particular. Ink is divided into two types: "oil fume" and "pine smoke". Oil fume ink is made by processing with tung oil or added burning smoke; Songyan ink is made by burning pine branches with tobacco. The characteristic of lampblack ink is its black and shiny color, while the characteristic of pine ink is its dark color and lack of luster. Chinese painting generally uses lampblack, and only colored paintings occasionally use pine smoke. But in expressing certain matte objects such as ink butterflies, black velvet, etc., it is also easy to use pine smoke.

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