对字画的装裱的大致步骤如下：
The general steps for mounting calligraphy and painting are as follows:
，方裁画心。具体方法是将旧字画平放在裁板上，以大尺板为标裁下字画心，当然这也是对字画心的校对方法。校对画心要根据画心坏损程度来进行裁切。画心的边缘要留下2～4 公分边，不要触及到字画的内容。
First, Fang Caihuaxin. The specific method is to lay the old calligraphy and painting flat on the cutting board and cut the heart of the calligraphy and painting with the large ruler board as the standard. Of course, this is also the method of proofreading the heart of the calligraphy and painting. The proofreading of the painting heart should be cut according to the damage degree of the painting heart. The edge of the painting center should be 2~4 cm away from the content of the calligraphy and painting.
第二，揭书画心。做法在于去掉旧的覆背纸和托纸，给书画心换上一件“新衣服”，非常好地养护书画心。
Second, uncover the heart of painting and calligraphy. The method is to remove the old backing paper and supporting paper, and replace the calligraphy and painting heart with a "new dress", so as to maintain the calligraphy and painting heart very well.
第三，托书画心。书画心的托纸背揭裱，补料一定要选用与书画心色彩一致或略浅于该书画心的色彩进行托裱，以于能保留原作书画的风格。
Third, the heart of painting and calligraphy. The paper backing of the painting and calligraphy center shall be removed and mounted. The supplementary materials must be the same color as or slightly lighter than the color of the painting and calligraphy center, so as to retain the style of the original painting and calligraphy.
第四，全色。目的在于补全色彩。书画中有空白的，呈现原有的笔触因年代长远而模糊不清、或断笔缺字、画中内容不全等，就在全色这道工序中处置它们。这需求装裱人员对各门派的艺术、笔触特色有所知道。该环节对书画的原貌的复原极其攸关。全色完后，整幅书画要配上锦绫完结装裱。古旧书画能不从头装裱的尽量不要装裱，多装裱一次等于对书画损坏一次。关于新的书画，建议不要装裱，应就其原样进行保护，避免在装裱过程中因操作不当而损坏了作品。
Fourth, panchromatic. The purpose is to complement the color. If there are blanks in the painting and calligraphy, the original brush strokes are blurred due to the long time, or the pen is broken and the words are missing, and the content in the painting is incomplete, they should be disposed of in the process of panchrome. This requires the framers to know the art and brushwork characteristics of various schools. This link is extremely important to the restoration of the original appearance of calligraphy and painting. After the full color is finished, the whole painting and calligraphy should be finished and framed with brocade. If ancient paintings and calligraphies can not be mounted from the beginning, try not to mount them. One more mount is equal to one damage to the paintings and calligraphies. As for new paintings and calligraphy, it is suggested that they should not be mounted, but should be protected as they are, to avoid damaging the works due to improper operation during mounting.

字画收藏，保留长远，难免有的书画遭受损坏，对其要及时修正，使其尽量回归原貌，以延伸其寿命。在修正一件书画时，，要仔细观察，寻觅被损坏的病根，然后对其诊治。假如书画著作被泥土、虫屎污染，就用尖利的小刀将虫屎挖除，但不能切入过深，避免伤及书画；在除泥土时，选用刀刮，假如泥土坐落色彩或墨迹之上，先冲刷，再选用刀刮去泥土。假如书画心被油污污染，书画心不必湿润，选用丙酮加乙醚混组成液，再用毛笔或棉签蘸涂，用清水冲刷洁净。高锰酸钾溶液加草酸液也能除掉油污。假如书画呈现霉斑，就用毛笔将0.5%的高锰酸钾溶液涂改在霉斑之上，待溶液由赤色变为茶色一刻钟摆布，再涂改2%的草酸溶液，此刻，茶色会逐渐还原为白色，这时再用清水冲刷，一般的霉斑可除掉。在用化学药水处置书画心时，药水浓度不能过大。假如霉黑较深，可选用百分之三的双氧水来处置，这样能够除去大多部分的霉斑。
The collection of calligraphy and painting will be preserved for a long time. It is inevitable that some calligraphy and painting will be damaged. It should be corrected in time to make it return to its original appearance as far as possible to extend its life. When correcting a painting or calligraphy, first of all, we should carefully observe, find the root cause of the damage, and then treat it. If the calligraphy and painting works are polluted by soil and insect excrement, use a sharp knife to dig out the insect excrement, but do not cut too deep to avoid hurting the calligraphy and painting; When removing soil, use a knife to scrape it. If the soil is located on the color or ink, it is better to wash it first, and then use a knife to scrape the soil. If the painting and calligraphy heart is polluted by oil, the painting and calligraphy heart does not need to be wet. Use acetone and ether to form a mixture, then dip it with a brush or cotton swab, and finally wash it clean with clean water. Adding oxalic acid to potassium permanganate solution can also remove oil stains. If the calligraphy and painting show mildew, use a brush to paint 0.5% potassium permanganate solution on the mildew, wait for the solution to change from red to brown for a quarter of an hour, and then paint 2% oxalic acid solution. At this moment, the brown color will gradually return to white, and then use water to wash, and the general mildew can be removed. When treating calligraphy and painting heart with chemical solution, the concentration of the solution should not be too high. If the mildew is deep, 3% hydrogen peroxide can be used for treatment, which can remove most of the mildew spots.
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