With the increase of people collecting famous calligraphy and painting, there are many fakes on the market, which deceived many calligraphy and painting lovers. This requires us to learn the correct identification methods when collecting, so that we will not be deceived. What are the methods to identify the authenticity of famous calligraphy and painting?

1、画纸画绢：书画所用的纸和绢，因朝代不同也有所不同，宋，元所织的绢无论精细、色度都有差别，而一些朝代的造纸用料也有不同，如书画上落款的朝代与绢、纸的朝代不符，也可断定为赝品。

1. Painting paper and silk: the paper and silk used in calligraphy and painting are also different due to different dynasties. The silk woven in song and Yuan Dynasties is different in both fineness and chromaticity, and the papermaking materials of some dynasties are also different. For example, the dynasty inscribed on calligraphy and painting is inconsistent with the Dynasty of silk and paper, which can also be judged as a fake.

2、落款：书画作伪者常常利用无款字画或残破字画，在落款和印章上做手脚，有的伪造签名，有的伪造印章。对签名真伪的鉴别，一是从笔法和书法功力上辨认，二是从书画家名、字签署习惯辨认，看落款是否贯气，若不贯气必有问题，正常的落款，字与字之间在气韵，是贯通的。

2. Signature: counterfeiters of calligraphy and painting often use money free calligraphy and painting or broken calligraphy and painting to do tricks on the signature and seal. Some forge signatures and some forge seals. For the identification of the authenticity of the signature, one is to identify from the handwriting and calligraphy skills, and the other is to identify from the calligrapher's name and character signing habits to see whether the signature is consistent. If not, there will be problems. The normal signature is connected with the charm between the characters.

3、印章：不同时代的印章以及印泥的形状、刻法、篆文以及印章的用料质地多有不同，也要注意落款年月与作者出生年月是否相符，与事实有无出入。

3. Seal: the shape, carving method, seal text and material texture of seals and printing mud in different times are different. We should also pay attention to whether the date of signature is consistent with the date of birth of the author and whether it is inconsistent with the facts.

4、艺术风格：一个书画家长年累月所形成的笔法习惯，无论其作品题材如何变化，总能看到他的笔法轨迹和风格特征。所以要熟悉主要书画名家的艺 术、师承渊源、作品境界以及创作笔法、用墨用色等独特之外，这样尽管一些伪冒品相似，仔细端详也能看出破绽。因此，了解和掌握书画大师的艺术风格和特征有利于辨别真伪。

4. Artistic style: a calligraphy and painting parent's writing habits formed over the years. No matter how the subject matter of his works changes, he can always see his writing track and style characteristics. Therefore, we should be familiar with the art, inheritance origin, work realm, creative brushwork, ink and color of the main calligraphers and painters. In this way, although some counterfeit products are similar, we can see the flaws when we look at them carefully. Therefore, understanding and mastering the artistic style and characteristics of calligraphy and painting masters is conducive to distinguishing the true from the false.

5、时代风格：书画作为文化艺术，既有其自身的积累和师承，也有自己发展的历史，是历史文化演变的结果，同时，也受当时社会的政治、经济、文化、物质条件及生活习俗的影响和制约，不同时代的绘画有不同的风格特征，如果一幅绘画不符合时代特点，那很可能是赝品。

5. Style of the times: calligraphy and painting, as a cultural art, not only has its own accumulation and inheritance, but also has its own development history. It is the result of the evolution of history and culture. At the same time, it is also affected and restricted by the political, economic, cultural, material conditions and living customs of the society at that time. Paintings of different generations have different style characteristics. If a painting does not conform to the characteristics of the times, It's probably a fake.

6、画面表现的内容：在不同的历史时期，人们的审美标准不同，其服饰、发 式、摆设、器物式样等也有明显不同，如果一幅画落款是元代，而人物的服饰是明代才有的，那这张画肯定是伪品，所以熟悉各时代的服饰、器物等知识，对鉴别古字画也是十分有益的。

6. Content of the picture: in different historical periods, people's aesthetic standards are different, and their costumes, hair styles, furnishings and utensils are also obviously different. If a painting is signed in the Yuan Dynasty and the characters' costumes are only in the Ming Dynasty, the painting must be a fake. Therefore, it is also very useful to be familiar with the knowledge of costumes and utensils of various times to identify ancient calligraphy and painting.

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