山水

landscape

欣赏山水画，先要了解国画制作者的胸襟意象。画家把名山大川的特色，先储于心，再形于手，所以不以“肖形”为佳，而以“通意”为主。一树一石、一台一亭，皆可代表画家的的意景。不必斤斤计较透视比例等显示的问题。

To appreciate Chinese landscape painting, one must first understand the broad mindedness and imagery of the creators of traditional Chinese painting. The painter stores the characteristics of famous mountains and rivers in their hearts first, and then shapes them in their hands, so they do not prioritize "Xiao Xing" as the best, but rather "Tong Yi" as the main focus. One tree, one stone, and one pavilion represent the painter's artistic conception. There is no need to worry about display issues such as perspective ratio.

动物

animal

动物种类繁多，大小不一，狮、虎、猫、犬可称为走兽，各种鱼类可称为游鱼，蝉、蝶、蜻蜓称为草虫，各种雀鸟称为翎毛。动物可以归到花鸟画。

There are various types of animals, varying in size. Lions, tigers, cats, and dogs can be called beasts, various fish can be called swimming fish, cicadas, butterflies, and dragonflies are called grass insects, and various birds are called feathers. Animals can be classified as flower and bird paintings.

人物

character

可分为古今两类：古装人物，或者是历代英 雄名士为一类；现代服装，或者模特儿写生为一类。由于人物要有 动作、表情，所以人物画是比较深奥的制作。

It can be divided into two categories: ancient costume figures, or heroes and famous figures of all dynasties; Modern clothing, or models sketching, is a category. Due to the need for characters to have movements and expressions, character painting is a relatively sophisticated production.

根据制作技巧、笔法，国画可以分为 工笔、写意和兼工带写 。

According to production techniques and brushstrokes, traditional Chinese painting can be divided into meticulous brushwork, freehand brushwork, and part-time work with writing.

工笔

traditional Chinese realistic painting

用细致的笔法制作，工笔画着重线条美，一丝不苟，是工笔画的特色。

Crafted with meticulous brushwork, Gongbi painting emphasizes the beauty of lines and meticulousness, which is the characteristic of Gongbi painting.

写意

vivid expression and bold outline

心灵感受、笔随意走 ，视为意笔，写意画 不重视线条，重视意 象，与工笔的精细背 道而驰。生动往往胜 于前者。

Emotional perception and free movement of the brush are regarded as freehand brushstrokes. Freehand brushstrokes do not value lines and focus on imagery, which goes against the precision of meticulous brushwork. Vividness often surpasses the former.

根据画面内容又可以分为传统绘画和现代绘画。

According to the content of the painting, it can be divided into traditional painting and modern painting.

传统

tradition

画画龄以千年计，形成了一套笔法、构图法 、皴法等固定的 模式，所以具有此种风格的国画 称为传统绘画。

Chinese painting has a history of thousands of years and has formed a fixed pattern of brushwork, composition, and texture, so traditional painting with this style is called traditional painting.

现代

modern

近代画家，参考西方绘画以及现代派的作品，将其精华融汇与画之中，于更有抽象式的新派国画，其用色、构图等都与传统绘画大相径庭。

Modern Chinese painters, referring to Western paintings and modernist works, integrated their essence into Chinese paintings. As for more abstract new Chinese paintings, their color and composition are quite different from traditional paintings.