可是好多收藏家甚是画家本人，经常花高价购买过来的字画却是赝品，等发觉上当受骗、后悔莫及矣！毕竟如今市场上惟利是图的书画商多啊！他们为了牟取暴利，往往不择手段地造假。所以笔者认为，那些爱好者在购买之前，多了解一些书画鉴定方面的理论知识，对书画的鉴定及辨伪有着直接的帮助。笔者以下就书画鉴定方面道出几点自己肤浅的认识！

But many collectors, even painters themselves, often spend high prices to buy calligraphy and paintings that are fake. When they discover that they have been deceived, they will regret it too much! After all, there are many profit oriented calligraphy and painting merchants in the market today! They often resort to any means to fabricate in order to make huge profits. So the author believes that those enthusiasts should learn more about the theoretical knowledge of calligraphy and painting appraisal before making a purchase, which can directly help in the appraisal and identification of calligraphy and painting. The author would like to share a few shallow insights on calligraphy and painting appraisal below!

书画鉴定于美学和历史两种内涵，因此需要学习者掌握多方面的理论知识。特别必须深刻了解的历史和文化，知道书画家的字号、籍贯和生卒时间，历代帝王的称谓、礼制、天干地支等方面的常识等。比如，我们看到一幅古书画，上面的画家是创作于明代朱元章时期，而画中落款作者署名的时间却是崇祯年间，那作品必假无疑。

The appraisal of calligraphy and painting belongs to two connotations: aesthetics and history, so learners need to master various theoretical knowledge. It is particularly necessary to have a profound understanding of China's history and culture, as well as knowledge of the calligrapher and painter's trade name, place of origin, and time of birth and death, as well as knowledge of the titles, rituals, heavenly stems, earthly branches, and other aspects of emperors throughout history. For example, we can see an ancient calligraphy and painting, where the painter was created during the Ming Dynasty's Zhu Yuanzhang period, but the time when the author signed the signature on the painting was during the Chongzhen period, so there is no doubt that the work is fake.

另外注意避讳。避讳就是在封建时代，晚辈对长辈、臣下对皇帝不能直书、直呼其名，以改字、缺笔或空字等方法代替。如清代"四王"之一王鉴，因其字号为"玄照"，为避康熙皇帝"玄烨"之名，他作品落款时都将"玄照"改成"元照"。或把"玄"字写成缺笔、来避讳。若遇到该避讳却没有避讳的款字，当属假品。

Also pay attention to taboos. Avoiding taboos means that in feudal times, younger generations were not allowed to directly write or call the emperor's name to their elders or subordinates, and were replaced by methods such as changing characters, missing strokes, or using empty characters. Wang Jian, one of the "Four Kings" of the Qing Dynasty, changed his name from "Xuanzhao" to "Yuanzhao" when signing his works to avoid the name of Emperor Kangxi's "Xuanye". Or write the character "Xuan" as missing strokes to avoid taboos. If you encounter a character that should be avoided but not avoided, it is considered a fake product.

还有，要留意同一画家不同时期的绘画风格不会一样；举例；我们看到一幅所谓张大千彩墨相交融的大写意山水作品，上面笔墨精丽绝伦、丰厚浓重让人难辨真假。但细瞧题款是作于一九四五年之前，且款字“爰”字字形头小底大。毋庸置疑，这幅肯定就是赝品。为什么？因为泼墨山水是张大千晚期的作品，他早年是以传统的山水和精工细描的工笔画为主。且“爰”字后期写法已无头小尾大之形态。

Also, it is important to note that the painting styles of the same painter may not be the same in different periods; For example; We see a large freehand landscape painting by Zhang Daqian, which blends color and ink. The brushstrokes on it are exquisite and profound, making it difficult to distinguish between true and false. But upon closer inspection, the title was created before 1945, and the character "Yuan" has a small head and a large bottom. Undoubtedly, this painting is definitely a counterfeit. Why? Because the splashed ink landscape was a work of Zhang Daqian in his later years, he mainly focused on traditional landscape and meticulous meticulous brushwork in his early years. And the writing style of the character "Yuan" in the later period is no longer in the form of a small head and a large tail.

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